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Research Article Free access | 10.1172/JCI109306

Decreased Heat-Labile Opsonic Activity and Complement Levels Associated with Evidence of C3 Breakdown Products in Infected Pleural Effusions

Pablo D. Lew, Rudolf Zubler, Pierre Vaudaux, Jean J. Farquet, Francis A. Waldvogel, and Paul-Henri Lambert

Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Infectious Disease Division and the World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

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Published February 1, 1979 - More info

Published in Volume 63, Issue 2 on February 1, 1979
J Clin Invest. 1979;63(2):326–334. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI109306.
© 1979 The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published February 1, 1979 - Version history
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Abstract

Heat-labile opsonic activity was measured simultaneously in serum and pleural fluid of patients with transudates, infectious exudates (with positive or negative bacterial culture) and neoplastic exudates, using two different complement-dependent phagocytic tests: the killing of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 variant strain (K50 opsonic titers) and the assessment of ingestion rate of endotoxin-coated paraffin particles (Oil Red 0 uptake test). K50 opsonic titers were lower in culture-positive pleural effusions as compared to culture-negative (P < 0.002) or neoplastic effusions (P < 0.002). These results were corroborated by the Oil Red 0 uptake test. The data obtained with the two assays showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001).

The hemolytic activity of complement (CH50) as well as the levels of C3 breakdown product, C3d, were measured in the same sera and pleural fluid samples and in an additional group of patients with pleural effusions of the same etiology. Effusions with positive cultures showed lower CH50 values (P < 0.01) and higher C3d values (P < 0.05) when compared to culture-negative pleural fluids. Finally, evidence for immune complexes in pleural effusions and sera was looked for by determination of Clq binding activity. Levels were higher in culture-positive effusions when compared to culture-negative fluids (P = 0.005).

K50 opsonic titers showed a positive correlation with CH50 values (P < 0.001) for all fluids tested. Similarly Clq binding activity correlated with C3d levels in effusions of infectious origin (P = 0.05). Recovery experiments using the various bacterial species isolated from culture-positive pleural effusions showed evidence of complement inactivation upon incubation with pooled sera at concentrations of 107-108 microorganisms/ml.

These results indicate that one important reason for bacterial persistence in empyema may be decreased opsonization secondary to local consumption of complement.

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