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Research Article Free access | 10.1172/JCI103371

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE DIET IN POPULATIONS DIFFERING IN SERUM CHOLESTEROL

Ancel Keys, Joseph T. Anderson, Mario Aresu, Gunnar Biörck, John F. Brock, B. Bronte-Stewart, Flaminio Fidanza, Margaret Haney Keys, Haqvin Malmros, Arrigo Poppi, Teodoro Posteli, Bengt Swahn, and Alfonso del Vecchio

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Keys, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Anderson, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Aresu, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Biörck, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Brock, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Bronte-Stewart, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Fidanza, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Keys, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Malmros, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Poppi, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Posteli, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by Swahn, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

2

Clinica Medica, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

3

Departments of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.

4

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Union of South Africa.

5

Institute of Physiology, University of Naples, Italy.

6

Clinica Medica, University of Bologna, Italy.

7

Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.

1

The collection and analysis of the data cited here was made possible by grants of funds and other assistance from the American Heart Association, New York, the Minnesota Heart Association, St. Paul, the National Dairy Council, Chicago, The American Dairy Association, Chicago, the Schweppe Foundation, Chicago, the South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, Mr. David Winton and Associates, Minneapolis, and interested organizations at Lund and at Malmö, Sweden.

Find articles by del Vecchio, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published October 1, 1956 - More info

Published in Volume 35, Issue 10 on October 1, 1956
J Clin Invest. 1956;35(10):1173–1181. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI103371.
© 1956 The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published October 1, 1956 - Version history
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