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Targeting CAG repeat RNAs reduces Huntington’s disease phenotype independently of huntingtin levels
Laura Rué, … , Xavier Estivill, Eulàlia Martí
Laura Rué, … , Xavier Estivill, Eulàlia Martí
Published October 10, 2016
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2016;126(11):4319-4330. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI83185.
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Concise Communication Neuroscience

Targeting CAG repeat RNAs reduces Huntington’s disease phenotype independently of huntingtin levels

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Abstract

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a polyglutamine disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene exon 1. This expansion encodes a mutant protein whose abnormal function is traditionally associated with HD pathogenesis; however, recent evidence has also linked HD pathogenesis to RNA stable hairpins formed by the mutant HTT expansion. Here, we have shown that a locked nucleic acid–modified antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the CAG repeat (LNA-CTG) preferentially binds to mutant HTT without affecting HTT mRNA or protein levels. LNA-CTGs produced rapid and sustained improvement of motor deficits in an R6/2 mouse HD model that was paralleled by persistent binding of LNA-CTG to the expanded HTT exon 1 transgene. Motor improvement was accompanied by a pronounced recovery in the levels of several striatal neuronal markers severely impaired in R6/2 mice. Furthermore, in R6/2 mice, LNA-CTG blocked several pathogenic mechanisms caused by expanded CAG RNA, including small RNA toxicity and decreased Rn45s expression levels. These results suggest that LNA-CTGs promote neuroprotection by blocking the detrimental activity of CAG repeats within HTT mRNA. The present data emphasize the relevance of expanded CAG RNA to HD pathogenesis, indicate that inhibition of HTT expression is not required to reverse motor deficits, and further suggest a therapeutic potential for LNA-CTG in polyglutamine disorders.

Authors

Laura Rué, Mónica Bañez-Coronel, Jordi Creus-Muncunill, Albert Giralt, Rafael Alcalá-Vida, Gartze Mentxaka, Birgit Kagerbauer, M. Teresa Zomeño-Abellán, Zeus Aranda, Veronica Venturi, Esther Pérez-Navarro, Xavier Estivill, Eulàlia Martí

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Figure 2

Intrastriatal injection of LNA-CTG induces rapid motor improvement in the R6/2 mouse model of HD, without affecting WT or mutant HTT expression levels.

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Intrastriatal injection of LNA-CTG induces rapid motor improvement in th...
(A) Schematic representation of pharmacological treatment administered and analyses. (B) Results from the rotarod test performed at 16, 24, and 32 rpm by mice between 5 and 15 weeks of age. Values represent the number of falls within 60 seconds as the mean ± SEM (WT n = 16; R6/2 n = 23; after surgery: WT n = 11; R6/2 LNA-SCB n = 11; R6/2 LNA-CTG n = 12). ***P < 0.001 versus WT vehicle-treated mice, as determined by 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc correction. (C) WT HTT (WT-HTT) and mutant HTT-e1 (mHTT) protein levels in the striatum of WT and R6/2 mice following intrastriatal injection of LNA-SCB or LNA-CTG, as analyzed by Western blotting. Box plots show the percentage of HTT and mHTT in the striatum of WT and/or R6/2 mice at different time points after LNA-ASO injection. Densitometric HTT and mHTT determinations were normalized using α-tubulin as an endogenous control and expressed as a percentage of a WT or R6/2 sample. Representative immunoblots are shown. WT: LNA-SCB–injected WT mice; sR6: LNA-SCB–injected R6/2 mice; aR6/2: LNA-CTG–injected R6/2 mice. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis (WT-HTT) and Mann-Whitney U (mHTT) tests (n = 4–12 animals per group). (D) HTT-e1 RNA transgene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR using the primer sets HTT_e1* or HTT_e1. Representative PCR products from animals injected with LNA-CTG or LNA-SCB are shown. β-Actin and Gdx amplification was used for internal controls. Box plots show RQ (obtained by densitometry) of HTT-e1 PCR products normalized to β-actin levels and referred to a control R6/2 LNA-SCB sample with a value of 1. *P < 0.01, when comparing LNA-SCB versus LNA-CTG–injected R6/2 mice in HTT_e1* PCR amplifications; Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction (n = 5–8 mice per group).

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