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Probiotic/prebiotic supplementation of antiretrovirals improves gastrointestinal immunity in SIV-infected macaques
Nichole R. Klatt, … , Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley
Nichole R. Klatt, … , Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley
Published January 16, 2013
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2013;123(2):903-907. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI66227.
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Brief Report

Probiotic/prebiotic supplementation of antiretrovirals improves gastrointestinal immunity in SIV-infected macaques

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Abstract

HIV infection results in gastrointestinal (GI) tract damage, microbial translocation, and immune activation, which are not completely ameliorated with suppression of viremia by antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Furthermore, increased morbidity and mortality of ARV-treated HIV-infected individuals is associated with these dysfunctions. Thus, to enhance GI tract physiology, we treated SIV-infected pigtail macaques with ARVs, probiotics, and prebiotics or with ARVs alone. This synbiotic treatment resulted in increased frequency and functionality of GI tract APCs, enhanced reconstitution and functionality of CD4+ T cells, and reduced fibrosis of lymphoid follicles in the colon. Thus, ARV synbiotic supplementation in HIV-infected individuals may improve GI tract immunity and thereby mitigate inflammatory sequelae, ultimately improving prognosis.

Authors

Nichole R. Klatt, Lauren A. Canary, Xiaoyong Sun, Carol L. Vinton, Nicholas T. Funderburg, David R. Morcock, Mariam Quiñones, Clayton B. Deming, Molly Perkins, Daria J. Hazuda, Michael D. Miller, Michael M. Lederman, Julie A. Segre, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Elias K. Haddad, Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley

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Figure 2

Enhanced reconstitution and functionality of CD4+ T cells in the colon in PP-treated PTM.

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Enhanced reconstitution and functionality of CD4+ T cells in the colon i...
(A) Percentages of colon CD4+ T cells measured by flow cytometry. (B) Correlation between percentages of HLA-DR+CD45+, live APCs in the colon compared with percentages of CD4+ T cells in the colon. (C and D) Pie charts represent fraction of cells producing 3 (cyan), 2 (magenta), or 1 (blue) cytokine(s) for Th17 cells (C) or Th1 cells (D) in the colon. (E) Percentages of Ki67+ CD4+ T cells in the colon measured by flow cytometry. Circles, ARV+PP-treated PTM with suppressed viremia; squares, ARV+PP-treated slow responder PTM; triangles, ARV-alone–treated PTM. All data analyzed from necropsy samples (∼day 315 after SIV). Horizontal bars represent median; diagonal lines represent linear regression.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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