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Usage Information

Multiple sclerosis
Alyssa Nylander, David A. Hafler
Alyssa Nylander, David A. Hafler
Published April 2, 2012
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2012;122(4):1180-1188. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI58649.
View: Text | PDF
Review

Multiple sclerosis

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal demyelinating disease with progressive neurodegeneration caused by an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible individual. While the formation and persistence of meningeal lymphoid follicles suggest persistence of antigens to drive the continuing inflammatory and humoral response, the identity of an antigen or infectious agent leading to the oligoclonal expansion of B and T cells is unknown. In this review we examine new paradigms for understanding the immunopathology of MS, present recent data defining the common genetic variants underlying disease susceptibility, and explore how improved understanding of immune pathway disruption can inform MS prognosis and treatment decisions.

Authors

Alyssa Nylander, David A. Hafler

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Usage data is cumulative from May 2024 through May 2025.

Usage JCI PMC
Text version 1,423 167
PDF 118 45
Figure 202 3
Citation downloads 72 0
Totals 1,815 215
Total Views 2,030
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Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.

Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.

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