(A) Representation of the visual field seen by a person with normal vision and by an AMD patient with a loss of central color vision. (B) Schematic of a normal human eye compared with an AMD eye depicting deposits of drusen (yellow spots) and choroidal neovascularization with subretinal hemorrhage in the macula (red). (C) Schematic cross-section of a normal eye through the macula shows retinal neuronal layers, RPE, Bruch’s membrane, and choroid vessels. In AMD, the intimate relation among photoreceptors, RPE, and choroid is disrupted by drusen (lipid and cellular debris–containing deposits). The formation of drusen separates RPE from Bruch’s membrane and the underlying choroidal vessels in association with RPE atrophy and photoreceptor degeneration (hallmarks of dry AMD). In wet AMD with choroidal neovascularization, abnormal leaky choroidal vessels proliferate and penetrate the altered Bruch’s membrane protruding into the subretinal space, causing hemorrhage and rapid loss of vision.