Autophagic vacuoles in fibroblasts engineered for expression of mutant α1ATZ. Transmission electron micrograph shows nascent autophagosomes (AVi) and degradative autophagosomes (AVd) intercalated within and around cisternae of rough ER (rER) that is dilated with granular material. N, nucleus; M, mitochondrion. Reproduced from ref. 25 with permission.