Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly targets mitochondria and induces Bax-independent apoptosis
of human neutrophils
J. Clin. Invest. Anne-Laure Genestier, et al. 115:3117 doi:10.1172/JCI22684 [
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Figure 1PMN apoptosis and necrosis as a function of the rPVL concentration. PMNs were incubated with medium for 6 hours, with 5 nM rPVL for 6 hours, or with 200 nM rPVL for 1 hour. PMNs were then cytospun on glass coverslips and observed after either May-Grünwald/Giemsa staining (
A) or Hoechst 33342 staining (
B) for nuclear morphology or prepared for TEM (
C and
D). Scale bars: 20 μm.
