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ResearchIn-Press PreviewGeneticsNeuroscience Open Access | 10.1172/JCI191729

Disrupting Integrator complex subunit INTS6 causes neurodevelopmental disorders and impairs neurogenesis and synapse development

Xiaoxia Peng,1 Xiangbin Jia,1 Hanying Wang,1 Jingjing Chen,1 Xiaolei Zhang,1 Senwei Tan,1 Xinyu Duan,2 Can Qiu,1 Mengyuan Hu,1 Haiyan Hou,1 Ilaria Parenti,3 Alma Kuechler,3 Frank J. Kaiser,3 Alicia Renck,4 Raymond Caylor,5 Cindy Skinner,5 Joseph Peeden,6 Benjamin Cogne,7 Bertrand Isidor,8 Sandra Mercier,7 Gael Nicolas,9 Anne-Marie Guerrot,9 Flavio Faletra,10 Luciana Musante,11 Lior Cohen,12 Gaber Bergant,13 Goran Čuturilo,14 Borut Peterlin,13 Andrea Seeley,15 Kristine Bachman,15 Julian A. Martinez-Agosto,16 Conny van Ravenswaaij-Arts,17 Dennis Bos,17 Katherine H. Kim,18 Tobias Bartolomaeus,19 Zelia Schmederer,19 Rami Abou Jamra,19 Erfan Aref-Eshghi,20 Wenjing Zhao,21 Yongyi Zou,22 Zhengmao Hu,1 Qian Pan,1 Faxiang Li,1 Guodong Chen,1 Jiada Li,1 Zhangxue Hu,2 Kun Xia,1 Jieqiong Tan,1 and Hui Guo1

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Peng, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Jia, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Wang, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Chen, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Zhang, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Tan, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Duan, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Qiu, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Hu, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Hou, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Parenti, I. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Kuechler, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Kaiser, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Renck, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Caylor, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Skinner, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Peeden, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Cogne, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Isidor, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Mercier, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Nicolas, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Guerrot, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Faletra, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Musante, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Cohen, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Bergant, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Čuturilo, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Peterlin, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Seeley, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Bachman, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Martinez-Agosto, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Bos, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Kim, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Bartolomaeus, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Schmederer, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

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1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

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1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Zhao, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Zou, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Hu, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Pan, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Li, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Chen, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Li, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Hu, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Xia, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

Find articles by Tan, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Mo, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

4Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, United States of America

5Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America

6East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, United States of America

7Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France

8Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France

9Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Abnormalities, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France

10Institute of Medical Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy

11Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy

12Genetics Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel

13Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMC Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva, Slovenia

14Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

15Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, United States of America

16Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of P, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America

17Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

18Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America

19Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

20GeneDx, LLC, Gaithersburg, United States of America

21Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Bir, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

22Department of Medical Genetic, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China

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Published September 18, 2025 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI191729.
Copyright © 2025, Peng et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published September 18, 2025 - Version history
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Abstract

The Integrator complex plays essential roles in RNA polymerase II transcription termination and RNA processing. Here, we identify INTS6, a subunit of the Integrator complex, as a novel gene associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Through analysis of large NDD cohorts and international collaborations, we identified 23 families harboring monoallelic likely gene-disruptive or de novo missense variants in INTS6. Phenotypic characterization revealed shared features, including language and motor delays, autism, intellectual disability, and sleep disturbances. Using a nervous-system conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model, we show that Ints6 deficiency disrupts early neurogenesis, cortical lamination, and synaptic development. Ints6 cKO mice displayed a thickened ventricular zone/subventricular zone, thinning of the cortical plate, reduced neuronal differentiation, and increased apoptosis in cortical layer 6. Behavioral assessments of heterozygous mice revealed deficits in social novelty preference, spatial memory, and hyperactivity, mirroring phenotypes observed in individuals with INTS6 variants. Molecular analyses further revealed that INTS6 deficiency alters RNA polymerase II dynamics, disrupts transcriptional regulation, and impairs synaptic gene expression. Treatment with a CDK9 inhibitor (CDK9i) reduced RNAPII phosphorylation, thereby limiting its binding to target genes. Notably, CDK9i reversed neurosphere over-proliferation and rescued the abnormal dendritic spine phenotype caused by Ints6 deficiency. This work advances understanding of INTS-related NDD pathogenesis and highlights potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

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Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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