Functionally distinct LAG-3 and PD-1 subsets on activated and chronically stimulated CD8 T cells

JF Grosso, MV Goldberg, D Getnet… - The Journal of …, 2009 - journals.aai.org
JF Grosso, MV Goldberg, D Getnet, TC Bruno, HR Yen, KJ Pyle, E Hipkiss, DAA Vignali
The Journal of Immunology, 2009journals.aai.org
Abstract Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a transmembrane protein that binds MHC
class II, enhances regulatory T cell activity, and negatively regulates cellular proliferation,
activation, and homeostasis of T cells. Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) also negatively
regulates T cell function. LAG-3 and PD-1 are both transiently expressed on CD8 T cells that
have been stimulated during acute activation. However, both LAG-3 and PD-1 remain on
CD8 T cells at high levels after stimulation within tolerizing environments. Our previous data …
Abstract
Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a transmembrane protein that binds MHC class II, enhances regulatory T cell activity, and negatively regulates cellular proliferation, activation, and homeostasis of T cells. Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) also negatively regulates T cell function. LAG-3 and PD-1 are both transiently expressed on CD8 T cells that have been stimulated during acute activation. However, both LAG-3 and PD-1 remain on CD8 T cells at high levels after stimulation within tolerizing environments. Our previous data demonstrated that blockade of either LAG-3 or PD-1 using mAb therapy in combination with vaccination restores the function of tolerized Ag-specific CD8 T cells in models of self and tumor tolerance. It is unclear whether tolerized CD8 T cells coexpress PD-1 and LAG-3 or whether PD-1 and LAG-3 mark functionally distinct populations of CD8 T cells. In this study, we describe three populations of CD8 T cells activated under tolerizing conditions based on LAG-3 and PD-1 staining, each with distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics. From a mechanistic perspective, both Ag concentration and proinflammatory signals control the expression of LAG-3 and PD-1 phenotypes on CD8 T cells under activating and tolerizing conditions. These results imply that signaling through the PD-1 and LAG-3 pathways have distinct functional consequences to CD8 T cells under tolerizing conditions and manipulation of both Ag and cytokine signaling can influence CD8 tolerance through LAG-3 and PD-1.
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