The neonatal population is at high risk for infections secondary to a unique, developing
immune system. While a multitude of factors direct the development of the immune system,
the role of environmental exposures on the microbiota may play a critical and potentially
modifiable role. Recent evidence suggests that the disruption of the microbiota through the
use of antibiotics not only leads to an immediately increased risk for neonatal complications
but also long-term health issues related to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The …