[HTML][HTML] A pro-and anti-inflammatory axis modulates the macrophage circadian clock

S Chen, KK Fuller, JC Dunlap, JJ Loros - Frontiers in Immunology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
S Chen, KK Fuller, JC Dunlap, JJ Loros
Frontiers in Immunology, 2020frontiersin.org
The circadian clock broadly governs immune cell function, leading to time-of-day differences
in inflammatory responses and subsequently, pathogen clearance. However, the effect of
inflammatory signals on circadian machinery is poorly understood. We found that in bone
marrow-derived macrophages, some host-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, eg, IFN-γ or
TNF-α, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, eg, LPS or Pam3Csk4, suppress the
amplitude in oscillations of circadian negative feedback arm clock components such as …
The circadian clock broadly governs immune cell function, leading to time-of-day differences in inflammatory responses and subsequently, pathogen clearance. However, the effect of inflammatory signals on circadian machinery is poorly understood. We found that in bone marrow-derived macrophages, some host-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IFN-γ or TNF-α, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, e.g., LPS or Pam3Csk4, suppress the amplitude in oscillations of circadian negative feedback arm clock components such as PER2, and when examined, specific combinations of these immune-related signals suppressed the amplitude of these oscillations to a greater degree in both bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages. At the transcript level, multiple components of the circadian clock were affected in different ways by pro-inflammatory stimulus, including Per2 and Nr1d1. This suppressive effect on PER2 did not arise from nor correlate with cell death or clock resetting. Suppression of the clock by IFN-γ was dependent on its cognate receptor; however, pharmacological inhibition of the canonical JAK/STAT and MEK pathways did not hinder suppression, suggesting a mechanism involving a non-canonical pathway. In contrast, anti-inflammatory signals such as IL-4 and dexamethasone enhanced the expression of PER2 protein and Per2 mRNA. Our results suggest that the circadian system in macrophages can differentially respond to pro- and anti-inflammatory signals in their microenvironments.
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