Background COVID-19 is associated with increased risk of post-acute sequelae involving
pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ systems—referred to as long COVID. However, a
detailed assessment of kidney outcomes in long COVID is not yet available. Methods We
built a cohort of 1,726,683 US Veterans identified from March 1, 2020 to March 15, 2021,
including 89,216 patients who were 30-day survivors of COVID-19 and 1,637,467 non-
infected controls. We examined risks of AKI, eGFR decline, ESKD, and major adverse kidney …