Energy is required to sustain life and enable stress adaptation. At the cellular level, energy is
largely derived from mitochondria–unique multifunctional organelles with their own genome.
Four main elements connect mitochondria to stress:(1) Energy is required at the
molecular,(epi) genetic, cellular, organellar, and systemic levels to sustain components of
stress responses;(2) Glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones are produced and
metabolized by mitochondria;(3) Reciprocally, mitochondria respond to neuroendocrine and …