Prostaglandin (PG) E₂ and PGD₂, produced in the mammalian central nervous system, are known to have a variety of central actions on sleep, body temperature, and pain response via G-protein–coupled seven-transmembrane receptors. We found that centrally administered PGE₂ suppressed food intake via the EP₄ receptor, whereas PGD₂ increased food intake via the DP₁ receptor coupled to the neuropeptide Y Y₁ receptor. In this review, we summarize roles of central PGs in food intake regulation and discuss the relation between PGs and neuropeptides controlling food intake.