IRF2 transcriptionally induces GSDMD expression for pyroptosis

N Kayagaki, BL Lee, IB Stowe, OS Kornfeld… - Science …, 2019 - science.org
N Kayagaki, BL Lee, IB Stowe, OS Kornfeld, K O'Rourke, KM Mirrashidi, B Haley
Science signaling, 2019science.org
Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) is cleaved by caspase-1, caspase-4, and caspase-11 in response to
canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation. Upon cleavage, GSDMD
oligomerizes and forms plasma membrane pores, resulting in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
secretion, pyroptotic cell death, and inflammatory pathologies, including periodic fever
syndromes and septic shock—a plague on modern medicine. Here, we showed that IRF2, a
member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, was essential …
Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) is cleaved by caspase-1, caspase-4, and caspase-11 in response to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation. Upon cleavage, GSDMD oligomerizes and forms plasma membrane pores, resulting in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, pyroptotic cell death, and inflammatory pathologies, including periodic fever syndromes and septic shock—a plague on modern medicine. Here, we showed that IRF2, a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, was essential for the transcriptional activation of GSDMD. A forward genetic screen with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–mutagenized mice linked IRF2 to inflammasome signaling. GSDMD expression was substantially attenuated in IRF2-deficient macrophages, endothelial cells, and multiple tissues, which corresponded with reduced IL-1β secretion and inhibited pyroptosis. Mechanistically, IRF2 bound to a previously uncharacterized but unique site within the GSDMD promoter to directly drive GSDMD transcription for the execution of pyroptosis. Disruption of this single IRF2-binding site abolished signaling by both the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes. Together, our data illuminate a key transcriptional mechanism for expression of the gene encoding GSDMD, a critical mediator of inflammatory pathologies.
AAAS