New insights into decapping enzymes and selective mRNA decay

E Grudzien‐Nogalska… - Wiley Interdisciplinary …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
E Grudzien‐Nogalska, M Kiledjian
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA, 2017Wiley Online Library
Removal of the 5′ end cap is a critical determinant controlling mRNA stability and efficient
gene expression. Removal of the cap is exquisitely controlled by multiple direct and indirect
regulators that influence association with the cap and the catalytic step. A subset of these
factors directly stimulate activity of the decapping enzyme, while others influence remodeling
of factors bound to mRNA and indirectly stimulate decapping. Furthermore, the components
of the general decapping machinery can also be recruited by mRNA‐specific regulatory …
Removal of the 5′ end cap is a critical determinant controlling mRNA stability and efficient gene expression. Removal of the cap is exquisitely controlled by multiple direct and indirect regulators that influence association with the cap and the catalytic step. A subset of these factors directly stimulate activity of the decapping enzyme, while others influence remodeling of factors bound to mRNA and indirectly stimulate decapping. Furthermore, the components of the general decapping machinery can also be recruited by mRNA‐specific regulatory proteins to activate decapping. The Nudix hydrolase, Dcp2, identified as a first decapping enzyme, cleaves capped mRNA and initiates 5′–3′ degradation. Extensive studies on Dcp2 led to broad understanding of its activity and the regulation of transcript specific decapping and decay. Interestingly, seven additional Nudix proteins possess intrinsic decapping activity in vitro and at least two, Nudt16 and Nudt3, are decapping enzymes that regulate mRNA stability in cells. Furthermore, a new class of decapping proteins within the DXO family preferentially function on incompletely capped mRNAs. Importantly, it is now evident that each of the characterized decapping enzymes predominantly modulates only a subset of mRNAs, suggesting the existence of multiple decapping enzymes functioning in distinct cellular pathways. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1379. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1379
This article is categorized under:
  • RNA Processing > Capping and 5′ End Modifications
  • RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
  • RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
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