The treatment of aplastic anemia is currently with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with anti-
thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine, to which two thirds of patients respond.
However, a significant proportion of these responders relapse and many have persistent
cytopenias. The management of these patients is challenging. Modifications to this standard
approach using alternative immunosuppressive agents or adding hematopoietic cytokines
such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) have not …