B-lymphocyte depletion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Ø Fluge, IG Rekeland, K Lien, H Thürmer… - Annals of internal …, 2019 - acpjournals.org
Ø Fluge, IG Rekeland, K Lien, H Thürmer, PC Borchgrevink, C Schäfer, K Sørland, J Aßmus…
Annals of internal medicine, 2019•acpjournals.orgBackground: Previous phase 2 trials indicated benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion in
myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Objective: To evaluate the
effect of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab versus placebo in patients with
ME/CFS. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter
trial.(ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02229942) Setting: 4 university hospitals and 1 general
hospital in Norway. Patients: 151 patients aged 18 to 65 years who had ME/CFS according …
myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Objective: To evaluate the
effect of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab versus placebo in patients with
ME/CFS. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter
trial.(ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02229942) Setting: 4 university hospitals and 1 general
hospital in Norway. Patients: 151 patients aged 18 to 65 years who had ME/CFS according …
Background
Previous phase 2 trials indicated benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
Objective
To evaluate the effect of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab versus placebo in patients with ME/CFS.
Design
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02229942)
Setting
4 university hospitals and 1 general hospital in Norway.
Patients
151 patients aged 18 to 65 years who had ME/CFS according to Canadian consensus criteria and had had the disease for 2 to 15 years.
Intervention
Treatment induction with 2 infusions of rituximab, 500 mg/m2 of body surface area, 2 weeks apart, followed by 4 maintenance infusions with a fixed dose of 500 mg at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (n = 77), or placebo (n = 74).
Measurements
Primary outcomes were overall response rate (fatigue score ≥4.5 for ≥8 consecutive weeks) and repeated measurements of fatigue score over 24 months. Secondary outcomes included repeated measurements of self-reported function over 24 months, components of the Short Form-36 Health Survey and Fatigue Severity Scale over 24 months, and changes from baseline to 18 months in these measures and physical activity level. Between-group differences in outcome measures over time were assessed by general linear models for repeated measures.
Results
Overall response rates were 35.1% in the placebo group and 26.0% in the rituximab group (difference, 9.2 percentage points [95% CI, −5.5 to 23.3 percentage points]; P = 0.22). The treatment groups did not differ in fatigue score over 24 months (difference in average score, 0.02 [CI, −0.27 to 0.31]; P = 0.80) or any of the secondary end points. Twenty patients (26.0%) in the rituximab group and 14 (18.9%) in the placebo group had serious adverse events.
Limitation
Self-reported primary outcome measures and possible recall bias.
Conclusion
B-cell depletion using several infusions of rituximab over 12 months was not associated with clinical improvement in patients with ME/CFS.
Primary Funding Source
The Norwegian Research Council, Norwegian Regional Health Trusts, Kavli Trust, MEandYou Foundation, and Norwegian ME Association.
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