Indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate promote vascular calcification and associate with glucose intolerance
B Opdebeeck, S Maudsley, A Azmi… - Journal of the …, 2019 - journals.lww.com
Background Protein-bound uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) have
been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. However,
direct evidence for a role of these toxins in CKD-related vascular calcification has not been
reported. Methods To study early and late vascular alterations by toxin exposure, we
exposed CKD rats to vehicle, IS (150 mg/kg per day), or PCS (150 mg/kg per day) for either
4 days (short-term exposure) or 7 weeks (long-term exposure). We also performed unbiased …
been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. However,
direct evidence for a role of these toxins in CKD-related vascular calcification has not been
reported. Methods To study early and late vascular alterations by toxin exposure, we
exposed CKD rats to vehicle, IS (150 mg/kg per day), or PCS (150 mg/kg per day) for either
4 days (short-term exposure) or 7 weeks (long-term exposure). We also performed unbiased …