Cyclosporine neurotoxicity: a review.

JM Gijtenbeek, MJ Van den Bent, CJ Vecht - Journal of neurology, 1999 - europepmc.org
JM Gijtenbeek, MJ Van den Bent, CJ Vecht
Journal of neurology, 1999europepmc.org
Cyclosporin A (CsA) induces neurological side effects in up to 40% of patients. A reversible
posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is the most serious complication. Symptoms
include headache, altered mental functioning, seizures, cortical blindness, and other visual
disturbances, with hypertension. Neuroimaging studies show white matter changes in the
posterior regions of the brain. Other neurological side effects of CsA include tremor, diffuse
encephalopathy, cerebellar syndrome, extrapyramidal syndrome, pyramidal weakness, and …
Cyclosporin A (CsA) induces neurological side effects in up to 40% of patients. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is the most serious complication. Symptoms include headache, altered mental functioning, seizures, cortical blindness, and other visual disturbances, with hypertension. Neuroimaging studies show white matter changes in the posterior regions of the brain. Other neurological side effects of CsA include tremor, diffuse encephalopathy, cerebellar syndrome, extrapyramidal syndrome, pyramidal weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. Hypertension, hypomagnesemia, hypocholesteremia, and the vasoactive agent endothelin may all play a role in the pathogenesis of CsA neurotoxicty. Neurotoxicity is more frequent with high CsA blood levels, but levels may be within the therapeutic range. Dose reduction or withdrawal of CsA usually results in resolution of clinical symptoms and of neuroimaging abnormalities.
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