Initiating the immune response to invading pathogens, the innate immune system is
constituted of immune receptors (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) that sense microbe-
associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Detection of pathogens triggers intracellular
defense mechanisms, such as the secretion of cytokines or chemokines to alarm
neighboring cells and attract or activate immune cells. The innate immune response to
viruses is mostly based on PRRs that detect the unusual structure, modification or location of …