Role of aging and the immune response to respiratory viral infections: potential implications for COVID-19

J Chen, WJ Kelley, DR Goldstein - The Journal of Immunology, 2020 - journals.aai.org
J Chen, WJ Kelley, DR Goldstein
The Journal of Immunology, 2020journals.aai.org
Aging impairs immunity to promote diseases, especially respiratory viral infections. The
current COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from SARS-CoV-2, induces acute pneumonia, a
phenotype that is alarmingly increased with aging. In this article, we review findings of how
aging alters immunity to respiratory viral infections to identify age-impacted pathways
common to several viral pathogens, permitting us to speculate about potential mechanisms
of age-enhanced mortality to COVID-19. Aging generally leads to exaggerated innate …
Abstract
Aging impairs immunity to promote diseases, especially respiratory viral infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from SARS-CoV-2, induces acute pneumonia, a phenotype that is alarmingly increased with aging. In this article, we review findings of how aging alters immunity to respiratory viral infections to identify age-impacted pathways common to several viral pathogens, permitting us to speculate about potential mechanisms of age-enhanced mortality to COVID-19. Aging generally leads to exaggerated innate immunity, particularly in the form of elevated neutrophil accumulation across murine and large animal studies of influenza infection. COVID-19 patients who succumb exhibit a 2-fold increase in neutrophilia, suggesting that exaggerated innate immunity contributes to age-enhanced mortality to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigation in relevant experimental models will elucidate the mechanisms by which aging impacts respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Such investigation could identify therapies to reduce the suffering of the population at large, but especially among older people, infected with respiratory viruses.
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