The prevalence of pain in depressed individuals and the prevalence of depression in
patients with pain are higher than when these conditions are considered individually. When
pain is severe, impairs function, and/or is refractory to treatment, it is associated with more
depressive symptoms and worse depression outcomes. Similarly, depression in patients
with pain is associated with more complaints and greater functional impairment. Whether
alleviation of pain helps depressive symptoms or, likewise, whether relief of depression …