Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

SC Wootton, DS Kim, Y Kondoh, E Chen… - American journal of …, 2011 - atsjournals.org
SC Wootton, DS Kim, Y Kondoh, E Chen, JS Lee, JW Song, JW Huh, H Taniguchi, C Chiu
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2011atsjournals.org
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, uniformly fatal interstitial lung
disease. An acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an episode of acute
respiratory worsening without an identifiable etiology. Occult viral infection has been
proposed as a possible cause of acute exacerbation. Objectives: To use unbiased genomics-
based discovery methods to define the role of viruses in acute exacerbation of idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage and serum from patients with acute …
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, uniformly fatal interstitial lung disease. An acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an episode of acute respiratory worsening without an identifiable etiology. Occult viral infection has been proposed as a possible cause of acute exacerbation.
Objectives: To use unbiased genomics-based discovery methods to define the role of viruses in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage and serum from patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, stable disease, and acute lung injury were tested for viral nucleic acid using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, pan-viral microarray, and high-throughput cDNA sequencing.
Measurements and Main Results: Four of forty-three patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had evidence of common respiratory viral infection (parainfluenza [n = 1], rhinovirus [n = 2], coronavirus [n = 1]); no viruses were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage from stable patients. Pan-viral microarrays revealed additional evidence of viral infection (herpes simplex virus [n = 1], Epstein-Barr virus [n = 2], and torque teno virus [TTV] [n = 12]) in patients with acute exacerbation. TTV infection was significantly more common in patients with acute exacerbation than stable controls (P = 0.0003), but present in a similar percentage of acute lung injury controls. Deep sequencing of a subset of acute exacerbation cases confirmed the presence of TTV but did not identify additional viruses.
Conclusions: Viral infection was not detected in most cases of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. TTV was present in a significant minority of cases, and cases of acute lung injury; the clinical significance of this finding remains to be determined.
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