Although microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) can activate primate Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, molecular mechanisms by which HMBPP interacts with Vγ2Vδ2 T cells remain poorly characterized. Here, we developed soluble, tetrameric Vγ2Vδ2 TCR of rhesus macaques to define HMBPP/APC interaction with Vγ2Vδ2 TCR. While exogenous HMBPP was associated with APC membrane in an appreciable affinity, the membrane-associated HMBPP readily bound to the Vγ2Vδ2 TCR tetramer. The Vγ2Vδ2 TCR tetramer was shown to bind stably to HMBPP presented on membrane by various APC cell lines from humans and nonhuman primates but not those from mouse, rat, or pig. The Vγ2Vδ2 TCR tetramer also bound to the membrane-associated HMBPP on primary monocytes, B cells and T cells. Consistently, endogenous phosphoantigen produced in Mycobacterium-infected dendritic cells was transported and presented on membrane, and bound stably to the Vγ2Vδ2 TCR tetramer. The capability of APC to present HMBPP for recognition by Vγ2Vδ2 TCR was diminished after protease treatment of APC. Thus, our studies elucidated an affinity HMBPP-APC association conferring stable binding to the Vγ2Vδ2 TCR tetramer and the protease-sensitive nature of phosphoantigen presentation. The findings defined APC presentation of phosphoantigen HMBPP to Vγ2Vδ2 TCR.