Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid–inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5

H Kato, O Takeuchi, E Mikamo-Satoh, R Hirai… - The Journal of …, 2008 - rupress.org
H Kato, O Takeuchi, E Mikamo-Satoh, R Hirai, T Kawai, K Matsushita, A Hiiragi, TS Dermody…
The Journal of experimental medicine, 2008rupress.org
The ribonucleic acid (RNA) helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma
differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) recognize distinct viral and synthetic RNAs,
leading to the production of interferons. Although 5′-triphosphate single-stranded RNA is a
RIG-I ligand, the role of RIG-I and MDA5 in double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition remains to
be characterized. In this study, we show that the length of dsRNA is important for differential
recognition by RIG-I and MDA5. The MDA5 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, was …
The ribonucleic acid (RNA) helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) recognize distinct viral and synthetic RNAs, leading to the production of interferons. Although 5′-triphosphate single-stranded RNA is a RIG-I ligand, the role of RIG-I and MDA5 in double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition remains to be characterized. In this study, we show that the length of dsRNA is important for differential recognition by RIG-I and MDA5. The MDA5 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, was converted to a RIG-I ligand after shortening of the dsRNA length. In addition, viral dsRNAs differentially activated RIG-I and MDA5, depending on their length. Vesicular stomatitis virus infection generated dsRNA, which is responsible for RIG-I–mediated recognition. Collectively, RIG-I detects dsRNAs without a 5′-triphosphate end, and RIG-I and MDA5 selectively recognize short and long dsRNAs, respectively.
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