[HTML][HTML] The EPAC–Rap1 pathway prevents and reverses cytokine-induced retinal vascular permeability

CJ Ramos, C Lin, X Liu, DA Antonetti - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2018 - ASBMB
Increased retinal vascular permeability contributes to macular edema, a leading cause of
vision loss in eye pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular
degeneration, and central retinal vein occlusions. Pathological changes in vascular
permeability are driven by growth factors such as VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines
such as TNF-α. Identifying the pro-barrier mechanisms that block vascular permeability and
restore the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) may lead to new therapies. The cAMP-dependent …