Human vascularized allografts are perfused through blood vessels composed of cells
(endothelium, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells) that remain largely of graft origin and are
thus subject to host alloimmune responses. Graft vessels must be healthy to maintain
homeostatic functions including control of perfusion, maintenance of permselectivity,
prevention of thrombosis, and participation in immune surveillance. Vascular cell injury can
cause dysfunction that interferes with these processes. Graft vascular cells can be activated …