Toxoplasma gondii TgIST co-opts host chromatin repressors dampening STAT1-dependent gene regulation and IFN-γ–mediated host defenses

G Gay, L Braun, MP Brenier-Pinchart… - Journal of Experimental …, 2016 - rupress.org
G Gay, L Braun, MP Brenier-Pinchart, J Vollaire, V Josserand, RL Bertini, A Varesano…
Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2016rupress.org
An early hallmark of Toxoplasma gondii infection is the rapid control of the parasite
population by a potent multifaceted innate immune response that engages resident and
homing immune cells along with pro-and counter-inflammatory cytokines. In this context, IFN-
γ activates a variety of T. gondii–targeting activities in immune and nonimmune cells but can
also contribute to host immune pathology. T. gondii has evolved mechanisms to timely
counteract the host IFN-γ defenses by interfering with the transcription of IFN-γ–stimulated …
An early hallmark of Toxoplasma gondii infection is the rapid control of the parasite population by a potent multifaceted innate immune response that engages resident and homing immune cells along with pro- and counter-inflammatory cytokines. In this context, IFN-γ activates a variety of T. gondii–targeting activities in immune and nonimmune cells but can also contribute to host immune pathology. T. gondii has evolved mechanisms to timely counteract the host IFN-γ defenses by interfering with the transcription of IFN-γ–stimulated genes. We now have identified TgIST (T. gondii inhibitor of STAT1 transcriptional activity) as a critical molecular switch that is secreted by intracellular parasites and traffics to the host cell nucleus where it inhibits STAT1-dependent proinflammatory gene expression. We show that TgIST not only sequesters STAT1 on dedicated loci but also promotes shaping of a nonpermissive chromatin through its capacity to recruit the nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) transcriptional repressor. We found that during mice acute infection, TgIST-deficient parasites are rapidly eliminated by the homing Gr1+ inflammatory monocytes, thus highlighting the protective role of TgIST against IFN-γ–mediated killing. By uncovering TgIST functions, this study brings novel evidence on how T. gondii has devised a molecular weapon of choice to take control over a ubiquitous immune gene expression mechanism in metazoans, as a way to promote long-term parasitism.
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