[HTML][HTML] Exposing Toxoplasma gondii hiding inside the vacuole: a role for GBPs, autophagy and host cell death
JP Saeij, EM Frickel - Current opinion in microbiology, 2017 - Elsevier
Current opinion in microbiology, 2017•Elsevier
Highlights•IFNγ induces host mechanisms that restrict Toxoplasma gondii in mice and
humans.•GBPs mediate the destruction of ubiquitinated parasite vacuoles in
mice.•Autophagy proteins direct GBPs to the vacuole of Toxoplasma in mice.•GBPs restrict
Toxoplasma in human cells but the exact molecular details are unclear.•GBPs direct
inflammasome responses to bacteria, could they do the same to Toxoplasma?The
intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides inside a vacuole, which shields it from the …
humans.•GBPs mediate the destruction of ubiquitinated parasite vacuoles in
mice.•Autophagy proteins direct GBPs to the vacuole of Toxoplasma in mice.•GBPs restrict
Toxoplasma in human cells but the exact molecular details are unclear.•GBPs direct
inflammasome responses to bacteria, could they do the same to Toxoplasma?The
intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides inside a vacuole, which shields it from the …
Highlights
- IFNγ induces host mechanisms that restrict Toxoplasma gondii in mice and humans.
- GBPs mediate the destruction of ubiquitinated parasite vacuoles in mice.
- Autophagy proteins direct GBPs to the vacuole of Toxoplasma in mice.
- GBPs restrict Toxoplasma in human cells but the exact molecular details are unclear.
- GBPs direct inflammasome responses to bacteria, could they do the same to Toxoplasma?
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides inside a vacuole, which shields it from the host's intracellular defense mechanisms. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) upregulates host cell effector pathways that are able to destroy the vacuole, restrict parasite growth and induce host cell death. Interferon-inducible GTPases such as the Guanylate Binding Proteins (GBPs), autophagy proteins and ubiquitin-driven mechanisms play important roles in Toxoplasma control in mice and partly also in humans. The host inflammasome is regulated by GBPs in response to bacterial infection in murine cells and may also respond to Toxoplasma infection. Elucidation of murine Toxoplasma defense mechanisms are guiding studies on human cells, while inevitably leading to the discovery of human-specific pathways that often function in a cell type-dependent manner.
Elsevier