The endothelium is a highly metabolically active organ that is involved in many physiological
processes, including the control of vasomotor tone, barrier function, leukocyte adhesion and
trafficking, inflammation, and hemostasis. Endothelial cell phenotypes are differentially
regulated in space and time. Endothelial cell heterogeneity has important implications for
developing strategies in basic research, diagnostics and therapeutics. The goals of this
review are to:(i) consider mechanisms of endothelial cell heterogeneity;(ii) discuss the …