Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) is a biologically active metabolite of arachidonic acid formed by the action of the terminal synthase, thromboxane A₂ synthase (TXA₂S), on prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH₂). TXA₂ is responsible for multiple biological processes through its cell surface receptor, the T-prostanoid (TP) receptor. Thromboxane A₂ synthase and TP are the two necessary components for the functioning of this potent bioactive lipid. Thromboxane A₂ is widely implicated in a range of cardiovascular diseases, owing to its acute and chronic effects in promoting platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and proliferation. In recent years, additional functional roles for both TXA₂S and TP in cancer progression have been indicated. Increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression has been described in a variety of human cancers, which has focused attention on TXA₂ as a downstream metabolite of the COX-2-derived PGH₂. Several studies suggest potential involvement of TXA₂S and TP in tumor progression, especially tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion that are key steps in cancer progression. In addition, the regulation of neovascularization by TP has been identified as a potent source of control during oncogenesis. There have been several recent reviews of TXA₂S and TP but thus far none have discussed its role in cancer progression and metastasis in depth. This review will focus on some of the more recent findings and advances with a significant emphasis on understanding the functional role of TXA₂S and TP in cancer progression and metastasis.