When overgrowth bumps into cancer: The PTEN‐Opathies

J Mester, C Eng - American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
J Mester, C Eng
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical …, 2013Wiley Online Library
PTEN is a dual‐specificity phosphatase and well‐known tumor suppressor gene. When
functioning properly, it works in its canonical pathway to inhibit AKT/mTOR and MAPK
signaling, leading to cell death and growth regulation. PTEN mutations cause dysregulation
of these pathways, resulting in cellular proliferation and overgrowth. When germline
mutations are present as in patients with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS),
benign and malignant neoplasias occur as well as cerebral overgrowth and …
Abstract
PTEN is a dual‐specificity phosphatase and well‐known tumor suppressor gene. When functioning properly, it works in its canonical pathway to inhibit AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling, leading to cell death and growth regulation. PTEN mutations cause dysregulation of these pathways, resulting in cellular proliferation and overgrowth. When germline mutations are present as in patients with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS), benign and malignant neoplasias occur as well as cerebral overgrowth and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. This review article will summarize recent laboratory and clinical investigations relating to PTEN, highlighting the overgrowth aspects of this syndrome and the molecular drivers behind these key phenotypes. Finally, therapies developed targeted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway for other tumor predisposition syndromes will be discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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