Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition

L Chen, DB Flies - Nature reviews immunology, 2013 - nature.com
Nature reviews immunology, 2013nature.com
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have a pivotal role in T cell biology, as they
determine the functional outcome of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The classic definition of
T cell co-stimulation continues to evolve through the identification of new co-stimulatory and
co-inhibitory receptors, the biochemical characterization of their downstream signalling
events and the delineation of their immunological functions. Notably, it has been recently
appreciated that co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors display great diversity in …
Abstract
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have a pivotal role in T cell biology, as they determine the functional outcome of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The classic definition of T cell co-stimulation continues to evolve through the identification of new co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors, the biochemical characterization of their downstream signalling events and the delineation of their immunological functions. Notably, it has been recently appreciated that co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors display great diversity in expression, structure and function, and that their functions are largely context dependent. Here, we focus on some of these emerging concepts and review the mechanisms through which T cell activation, differentiation and function is controlled by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
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