How the motor-related cortical areas modulate the activity of the output nuclei of the basal
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the
basal ganglia. The cortico–subthalamo–pallidal 'hyperdirect'pathway conveys powerful
excitatory effects from the motor-related cortical areas to the globus pallidus, bypassing the
striatum, with shorter conduction time than effects conveyed through the striatum. We
emphasize the functional significance of the 'hyperdirect'pathway and propose a dynamic …