PD-L1 is expressed by human renal tubular epithelial cells and suppresses T cell cytokine synthesis

H Ding, X Wu, W Gao - Clinical immunology, 2005 - Elsevier
T cell activation is affected by both stimulatory and inhibitory co-signaling. MHC class II-
expressing renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) can function as APC for T cells. To study the
influence of inhibitory ligands on TEC-mediated T cell activation, we examined the
expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on human TEC line HK-2 cells, as well
as in normal and diseased kidney samples. RT-PCR, FACS, and immunocytochemistry
showed that PD-L1 is constitutively expressed on HK-2 cells, and is dramatically …