Uncoupling protein 2 deficiency mimics the effects of hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress on mitochondria and triggers pseudohypoxic pulmonary vascular …

P Dromparis, R Paulin, G Sutendra, AC Qi… - Circulation …, 2013 - Am Heart Assoc
Circulation research, 2013Am Heart Assoc
Rationale: Mitochondrial signaling regulates both the acute and the chronic response of the
pulmonary circulation to hypoxia, and suppressed mitochondrial glucose oxidation
contributes to the apoptosis-resistance and proliferative diathesis in the vascular remodeling
in pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia directly inhibits glucose oxidation, whereas
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress can indirectly inhibit glucose oxidation by decreasing
mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+ m levels). Both hypoxia and ER stress promote proliferative …
Rationale:
Mitochondrial signaling regulates both the acute and the chronic response of the pulmonary circulation to hypoxia, and suppressed mitochondrial glucose oxidation contributes to the apoptosis-resistance and proliferative diathesis in the vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia directly inhibits glucose oxidation, whereas endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress can indirectly inhibit glucose oxidation by decreasing mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+m levels). Both hypoxia and ER stress promote proliferative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been shown to conduct calcium from the ER to mitochondria and suppress mitochondrial function.
Objective:
We hypothesized that UCP2 deficiency reduces Ca2+m in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), mimicking the effects of hypoxia and ER stress on mitochondria in vitro and in vivo, promoting normoxic hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation and pulmonary hypertension.
Methods and Results:
Ucp2 knockout (KO)-PASMCs had lower mitochondrial calcium than Ucp2 wildtype (WT)-PASMCs at baseline and during histamine-stimulated ER-Ca2+ release. Normoxic Ucp2KO-PASMCs had mitochondrial hyperpolarization, lower Ca2+-sensitive mitochondrial enzyme activity, reduced levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and Krebs’ cycle intermediates, and increased resistance to apoptosis, mimicking the hypoxia-induced changes in Ucp2WT-PASMC. Ucp2KO mice spontaneously developed pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension and exhibited a pseudohypoxic state with pulmonary vascular and systemic hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation (increased hematocrit), not exacerbated further by chronic hypoxia.
Conclusions:
This first description of the role of UCP2 in oxygen sensing and in pulmonary hypertension vascular remodeling may open a new window in biomarker and therapeutic strategies.
Am Heart Assoc