Phantom limb pain in amputees during the first 12 months following limb amputation, after preoperative lumbar epidural blockade

S Bach, MF Noreng, NU Tjéllden - Pain, 1988 - Elsevier
The similarities between phantom limb pain and preoperative limb pain have been noted,
and this raises the possibility of modulating the pain by a preoperative blockade. The aim of
this study was to investigate if it was possible to reduce postoperative phantom limb pain by
giving lumbar epidural blockade (LEB) with bupivacaine and morphine for 72 h prior to the
operation. 25 patients were interviewed about their limb pain before limb amputation, and
about their phantom limb pain 7 days, 6 months and 1 year after limb loss. 11 patients, of …