[HTML][HTML] Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease

H Malhi, RJ Kaufman - Journal of hepatology, 2011 - Elsevier
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated upon the accumulation of misfolded
proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are sensed by the binding immunoglobulin
protein (BiP)/glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). The accumulation of unfolded proteins
sequesters BiP so it dissociates from three ER-transmembrane transducers leading to their
activation. These transducers are inositol requiring (IRE) 1α, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK),
and activating transcription factor (ATF) 6α. PERK phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor …