[HTML][HTML] Medication for attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder and criminality
P Lichtenstein, L Halldner, J Zetterqvist… - … England Journal of …, 2012 - Mass Medical Soc
P Lichtenstein, L Halldner, J Zetterqvist, A Sjölander, E Serlachius, S Fazel, N Långström…
New England Journal of Medicine, 2012•Mass Medical SocBackground Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that has
been associated with criminal behavior in some studies. Pharmacologic treatment is
available for ADHD and may reduce the risk of criminality. Methods Using Swedish national
registers, we gathered information on 25,656 patients with a diagnosis of ADHD, their
pharmacologic treatment, and subsequent criminal convictions in Sweden from 2006
through 2009. We used stratified Cox regression analyses to compare the rate of criminality …
been associated with criminal behavior in some studies. Pharmacologic treatment is
available for ADHD and may reduce the risk of criminality. Methods Using Swedish national
registers, we gathered information on 25,656 patients with a diagnosis of ADHD, their
pharmacologic treatment, and subsequent criminal convictions in Sweden from 2006
through 2009. We used stratified Cox regression analyses to compare the rate of criminality …
Background
Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that has been associated with criminal behavior in some studies. Pharmacologic treatment is available for ADHD and may reduce the risk of criminality.
Methods
Using Swedish national registers, we gathered information on 25,656 patients with a diagnosis of ADHD, their pharmacologic treatment, and subsequent criminal convictions in Sweden from 2006 through 2009. We used stratified Cox regression analyses to compare the rate of criminality while the patients were receiving ADHD medication, as compared with the rate for the same patients while not receiving medication.
Results
As compared with nonmedication periods, among patients receiving ADHD medication, there was a significant reduction of 32% in the criminality rate for men (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.73) and 41% for women (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.70). The rate reduction remained between 17% and 46% in sensitivity analyses among men, with factors that included different types of drugs (e.g., stimulant vs. nonstimulant) and outcomes (e.g., type of crime).
Conclusions
Among patients with ADHD, rates of criminality were lower during periods when they were receiving ADHD medication. These findings raise the possibility that the use of medication reduces the risk of criminality among patients with ADHD. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others.)
The New England Journal Of Medicine