Primary liver cancer (namely hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is worldwide the fifth most
common cancer in men and the seventh one in women, and it represents the third most
frequent cause of cancer death. HCC rates are particularly high in eastern/south-eastern
Asia and in Africa, intermediate in Southern Europe, and low in most high-income countries.
Persistent infections by HBV or HCV are the main recognized risk factors for HCC. Aflatoxin
exposure is also an important risk factor for HCC development in Africa and eastern Asia. In …