[PDF][PDF] Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1

T Saitoh, J Komano, Y Saitoh, T Misawa, M Takahama… - Cell host & …, 2012 - cell.com
T Saitoh, J Komano, Y Saitoh, T Misawa, M Takahama, T Kozaki, T Uehata, H Iwasaki…
Cell host & microbe, 2012cell.com
Neutrophils contribute to pathogen clearance by producing neutrophil extracellular traps
(NETs), which are genomic DNA-based net-like structures that capture bacteria and fungi.
Although NETs also express antiviral factors, such as myeloperoxidase and α-defensin, the
involvement of NETs in antiviral responses remains unclear. We show that NETs capture
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and promote HIV-1 elimination through
myeloperoxidase and α-defensin. Neutrophils detect HIV-1 by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …
Summary
Neutrophils contribute to pathogen clearance by producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are genomic DNA-based net-like structures that capture bacteria and fungi. Although NETs also express antiviral factors, such as myeloperoxidase and α-defensin, the involvement of NETs in antiviral responses remains unclear. We show that NETs capture human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and promote HIV-1 elimination through myeloperoxidase and α-defensin. Neutrophils detect HIV-1 by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR7 and TLR8, which recognize viral nucleic acids. Engagement of TLR7 and TLR8 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species that trigger NET formation, leading to NET-dependent HIV-1 elimination. However, HIV-1 counteracts this response by inducing C-type lectin CD209-dependent production of interleukin (IL)-10 by dendritic cells to inhibit NET formation. IL-10 suppresses the reactive oxygen species-dependent generation of NETs induced upon TLR7 and TLR8 engagement, resulting in disrupted NET-dependent HIV-1 elimination. Therefore, NET formation is an antiviral response that is counteracted by HIV-1.
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