Zebrafish and Xenopus, genetically accessible vertebrates with an externally developing,
optically clear embryo, are ideally suited for in vivo functional dissection of the embryonic
development of the circulatory system. Physiological characterizations of the cardiovascular
system are still imperative for a more complete understanding of the connections between
genetic/epigenetic factors and cardiovascular development. Here, we review experimental
tools and methods that have been developed to measure numerous cardiovascular …