BACKGROUND: Delivery of allergens with bacterial adjuvants has been shown to be a
successful immunotherapeutic strategy for food allergy treatment in animal models. How
microbial signals, acting through the innate immune system, reshape ongoing allergic
responses is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contribution of Toll-like
receptors (TLRs) in the response to bacterial adjuvants, we designed an in vitro system to
characterize the effect of heat-killed Escherichia coli vector (HKE) on peanut-induced …