Objective

To assay anti-ganglioside antibodies (aGM1) in sera of a large cohort of European patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to define the prevalence of these autoantibodies in SLE; to evaluate the association of aGM1 with clinical manifestations and other autoantibodies found in SLE; and to search for aGM1 association with HLA class II alleles.

Methods

Four hundred forty-eight patients with SLE were consecutively enrolled in 8 centers from 6 European countries. All sera were tested for antinuclear antibodies by immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells as substrate, anti-dsDNA, aGM1, aCL, abeta2-glycoprotein I (abeta2-GPI) antibodies by ELISA, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) by immunofluorescence and by ELISA. Genomic typing for HLA class II loci was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe method. Clinical assessment was done at the time of enrolment.

Results

We found 41.9% of patients with clinical signs of neuropsychiatric involvement; 15.5% of patients were positive for aGM1, 8% of the IgG isotype and 8.6% of the IgM isotype; aGM1-IgG were associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPM)(RR= 3.7), with migraine (RR= 2.4), with OBS (RR= 7.3), and with peripheral neuropathy (RR= 8.5). aGM1-IgM were associated with NPM (RR= 4) and with depression (RR= 3.4). Furthermore, the genetic study showed that aGM1-IgG were associated with HLA-DQB1* 0404 (RR= 7.2) while aGM1-IgM were associated with HLA-DQB1* 0605 (RR= 33.3). No associations were found between aGM1 and anti-dsDNA, aCL, abeta2GP1, or ANCA.

Conclusion

Our results show aGM1 can be found in patients with SLE. aGM1 may play a pathogenetic role for some NPM in this condition.