Natural mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike glycoprotein determine the reactivity of cross-neutralization between palm civet coronavirus and severe …

L Liu, Q Fang, F Deng, H Wang, CE Yi, L Ba… - Journal of …, 2007 - Am Soc Microbiol
L Liu, Q Fang, F Deng, H Wang, CE Yi, L Ba, W Yu, RD Lin, T Li, Z Hu, DD Ho, L Zhang
Journal of virology, 2007Am Soc Microbiol
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2002 and 2003 occurred as a
result of zoonotic transmission. Coronavirus (CoV) found in naturally infected palm civet
(civet-CoV) represents the closest genetic relative to SARS-CoV, but the degree and the
determinants of cross-neutralization among these viruses remain to be investigated. Studies
indicate that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV spike (S) glycoprotein
contains major determinants for viral entry and neutralization. We aim to characterize the …
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2002 and 2003 occurred as a result of zoonotic transmission. Coronavirus (CoV) found in naturally infected palm civet (civet-CoV) represents the closest genetic relative to SARS-CoV, but the degree and the determinants of cross-neutralization among these viruses remain to be investigated. Studies indicate that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV spike (S) glycoprotein contains major determinants for viral entry and neutralization. We aim to characterize the impact of natural mutations within the RBDs of civet-CoVs on viral entry and cross-neutralization. In this study, the S glycoprotein genes were recovered from naturally infected civets in central China (Hubei province), extending the geographic distribution of civet-CoV beyond the southeastern province of Guangdong. Moreover, pseudoviruses generated in our laboratory with four civet S genes, each with a distinct RBD, infected cells expressing human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, but with 90 to 95% less efficiency compared to that of SARS-CoV. These four civet S genes were also constructed as DNA vaccines to immunize mice. Immunized sera elicited against most civet S glycoproteins displayed potent neutralizing activities against autologous viruses but were much less efficient (50% inhibitory concentration, 20- to 40-fold) at neutralizing SARS-CoV and vice versa. Convalescence-phase sera from humans were similarly ineffective against the dominant civet pseudovirus. Our findings suggest that the design of SARS vaccine should consider not only preventing the reemergence of SARS-CoV but also providing cross-protection, thus interrupting zoonotic transmission of a group of genetically divergent civet CoVs of broad geographic origin.
American Society for Microbiology