Differentiation of human ES and Parkinson's disease iPS cells into ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons requires a high activity form of SHH, FGF8a and specific …
The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the vulnerability to
dysfunction and degeneration of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neurons. A major
limitation for experimental studies of current ES/iPS cell differentiation protocols is the lack of
VM DA neurons with a stable phenotype as defined by an expression marker code of
FOXA2/TH/β-tubulin. Here we demonstrate a combination of three modifications that were
required to produce VM DA neurons. Firstly, early and specific exposure to 10− 8M (low …
dysfunction and degeneration of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neurons. A major
limitation for experimental studies of current ES/iPS cell differentiation protocols is the lack of
VM DA neurons with a stable phenotype as defined by an expression marker code of
FOXA2/TH/β-tubulin. Here we demonstrate a combination of three modifications that were
required to produce VM DA neurons. Firstly, early and specific exposure to 10− 8M (low …