Remarkable advances in ultrasound imaging technology have made it possible to diagnose
fetal cardiovascular lesions as early as 12–14 weeks of gestation and to assess their
physiological relevance by echocardiography. Moreover, invasive techniques have been
developed and refined to relieve significant congenital heart disease (CHD), such as critical
aortic and pulmonary stenoses in the pediatric population including neonates. Recognition
of the fact that certain CHDs can evolve in utero, and early intervention may improve the …