A critical review of fundamental controversies in the field of GPR30 research

G Langer, B Bader, L Meoli, J Isensee, M Delbeck… - Steroids, 2010 - Elsevier
The female sex hormone estradiol plays an important role in reproduction, mammary gland
development, bone turnover, metabolism, and cardiovascular function. The effects of
estradiol are mediated by two classical nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and
estrogen receptor β (ERβ). In 2005, G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) was claimed to
act as a non-classical estrogen receptor that was also activated by the ERα and ERβ
antagonists tamoxifen and fulvestrant (ICI 182780). Despite many conflicting results …